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The 4 Golf Majors: A Guide to the Biggest Events in Golf

Everything you need to know about The Masters, The Open, the U.S. Open, and the PGA Championship -- history, format, and what makes each one special.

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  • The four majors are The Masters (April), PGA Championship (May), U.S. Open (June), and The Open Championship (July)
  • Each major has a distinct personality -- from Augusta's exclusivity to The Open's links tradition
  • Jack Nicklaus holds the record with 18 major victories; Tiger Woods has 15
  • Winning all four in a career is called the Career Grand Slam -- only 6 players have done it

The Four Weeks That Define a Golf Career

Ask any professional golfer what they dream about, and the answer is always the same: winning a major. Regular tour events are great for rankings and income, but majors are what define legacies. They're the tournaments that are remembered decades later, the ones that turn good players into legends.

Golf has four major championships, each with its own history, personality, and challenges. Let's walk through them.

The Masters

DetailInfo
First played1934
LocationAugusta National Golf Club, Georgia (always)
Course typeParkland, immaculate
Typical dateSecond week of April
PrizeThe Green Jacket

The Masters is the most exclusive and most visually stunning of the four majors. It's the only major played at the same venue every year, and Augusta National's azaleas, perfectly manicured fairways, and dramatic contours create images that define golf for millions of fans.

What makes it unique:

  • Invitation-only field. You don't enter The Masters -- you're invited based on a strict set of qualifying criteria
  • The Green Jacket. The winner receives a green jacket in a ceremony in the Butler Cabin. Past champions keep theirs at Augusta
  • Amen Corner. Holes 11, 12, and 13 are the most famous stretch in golf. The par-3 12th, with its swirling winds over Rae's Creek, has decided more Masters than any other hole
  • Champions Dinner. The defending champion hosts dinner for all past winners on Tuesday night, choosing the menu

Memorable moments: Jack Nicklaus charging to victory at age 46 in 1986. Tiger Woods completing the "Tiger Slam" in 2001. Tiger's comeback victory in 2019 after 11 years without a major.

PGA Championship

DetailInfo
First played1916
LocationRotates among top U.S. courses
Course typeVaries
Typical dateThird week of May
PrizeWanamaker Trophy

The PGA Championship is run by the PGA of America (the organization of golf professionals, separate from the PGA Tour). It moved from August to May in 2019, filling the gap between The Masters and the U.S. Open.

What makes it unique:

  • Strongest field. With 20 PGA of America club professionals in the field alongside the world's best, it often has the deepest competitive roster
  • No fixed venue. The PGA rotates among America's premier courses -- Bethpage Black, Southern Hills, Oak Hill, Valhalla, and others
  • Dark horse friendly. The PGA Championship has historically produced more surprise winners than other majors

Memorable moments: John Daly's unlikely victory as the 9th alternate in 1991. Tiger Woods' epic playoff with Bob May in 2000. Brooks Koepka's dominant back-to-back wins in 2018-2019.

18

major championship victories by Jack Nicklaus -- the all-time record

U.S. Open

DetailInfo
First played1895
LocationRotates among top U.S. courses
Course typeSet up brutally hard
Typical dateThird week of June
PrizeU.S. Open Trophy

The U.S. Open is the toughest test in golf. The USGA intentionally sets up courses to be as demanding as possible: narrow fairways, thick rough, firm greens, and difficult pin positions. Par is meant to be a great score.

What makes it unique:

  • Punishing setup. The USGA grows the rough high and narrows the fairways so that even the best players struggle to break par
  • Open qualifying. Any golfer with a handicap of 1.4 or lower can enter qualifying. It's called the "Open" because it truly is open to all
  • The toughest par in golf. Winning scores at the U.S. Open are often higher than at other majors. A final-round 65 at the U.S. Open is worth more than a 65 anywhere else

Memorable moments: Ben Hogan's 1950 comeback after his car accident. Jack Fleck shocking Ben Hogan in a 1955 playoff. Tiger Woods' dominant 15-shot victory at Pebble Beach in 2000. Payne Stewart's iconic fist pump on the 18th green at Pinehurst in 1999.

NG Watching the U.S. Open and thinking 'these guys aren't very good -- they can't even break par'

OK Understanding that U.S. Open courses are set up to make par an excellent score, even for the world's best

The Open Championship

DetailInfo
First played1860
LocationRotates among British links courses
Course typeLinks
Typical dateThird week of July
PrizeClaret Jug

The oldest major championship. Simply called "The Open" in Britain (because it was the original open golf championship), it's always played on a links course in the UK -- primarily in Scotland and England.

What makes it unique:

  • Links golf. Firm fairways, deep pot bunkers, thick fescue rough, and ever-present wind create a test unlike any other major
  • The Claret Jug. The most iconic trophy in golf, engraved with every champion's name since 1873
  • Weather as a competitor. Rain, wind, and cold can turn a calm links course into a survival test within hours
  • History. Playing on courses where golf was born -- St Andrews, Carnoustie, Royal Liverpool -- connects competitors to 600 years of tradition

Memorable moments: Tom Watson's near-victory at age 59 at Turnberry in 2009. Seve Ballesteros' joyful fist pump at St Andrews in 1984. Tiger Woods' emotional win at St Andrews in 2000.

The Career Grand Slam

Winning all four majors over the course of a career is called the Career Grand Slam. Only six players have achieved it:

PlayerCareer Majors
Gene Sarazen7
Ben Hogan9
Gary Player9
Jack Nicklaus18
Tiger Woods15
Rory McIlroy4

The Calendar Year Grand Slam -- winning all four in the same year -- has been accomplished only by Bobby Jones in 1930 (when the majors were different events). No player has won all four modern majors in a single season.

Why Majors Matter More Than Other Events

Several factors elevate majors above regular tour events:

  • History and tradition. Decades (or centuries) of legendary performances create an atmosphere no regular event can match
  • Strongest fields. The best players in the world all compete, making the achievement of winning more meaningful
  • Course difficulty. Major venues are set up harder than regular tour stops, testing every aspect of a player's game
  • Pressure. The stakes are higher, the crowds are bigger, and the scrutiny is more intense. Performing under this pressure is what separates major champions

The Calendar of Majors

The Masters -- April

The golf season's first big event. Spring at Augusta National marks the unofficial start of the competitive year. The azaleas are blooming, the course is pristine, and the narrative of the season begins here.

PGA Championship -- May

The second major, with momentum building from The Masters. Players who peaked at Augusta try to sustain form; others target the PGA as their best chance for a breakthrough.

U.S. Open -- June

The toughest test arrives at midsummer. Players know they need patience, precision, and mental fortitude. The course setup demands respect.

The Open Championship -- July

The final major, and the only one outside the United States. Links golf in Britain provides the ultimate contrast to the manicured conditions of the other three majors. The Claret Jug closes the major season.

The Bottom Line

Golf's four major championships -- The Masters, PGA Championship, U.S. Open, and The Open -- are the pinnacle of the sport. Each has its own character: Augusta's beauty and tradition, the PGA's deep fields, the U.S. Open's punishing difficulty, and The Open's links heritage. Together, they define what it means to be a champion. Whether you watch them on TV or use them as inspiration for your own game, understanding the majors deepens your connection to golf.

References & Data Notes

  1. PGA Tour / European Tour. Official major championship records and statistics. https://www.pgatour.com/
  2. R&A. "The Open Championship History." https://www.theopen.com/
  3. Augusta National / The Masters. "Tournament History." https://www.masters.com/
  4. Career Grand Slam list and major championship totals are based on official records as of 2025. Rory McIlroy completed the Career Grand Slam with his 2025 Masters victory.

GolScore Editorial Team

The editorial team behind GolScore, a golf score analytics app. We share data-driven tips to help you improve your game.

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